CHAPTER 4 : Text, Genre and Discourse Shifts in Translation

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 Chapter 4

Text, Genre and Discourse Shifts in Translation


A. Translation Shifts

John Catforddefinition of shifts is departures from formal correspondence in the process of going from the SL to the TL. 


A. formal correspondent 

is defined by Catford as „any TL category (unit, class, structure, element of structure, etc.) which can be said to occupy, as nearly as possible, the “same” place in the “economy” of the TL as the given SL category occupies in the SL. 


A textual equivalent is defined as „any TL text or portion of text which is observed to be the equivalent of a given SL text or portion of text.

1. direct translation, which covers borrowing, calque and literal translation, and

2. oblique translation, which is transposition, modulation, equivalence and adaptation.

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