Materi PMR PART 1

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https://youtu.be/uXdfoA2Y8zc

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Chapter 13 : Texts On Speech and Writing

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 This chapter differentiates between discourse analysis and critical discourse analysis, and reviews the impact and possible uses of both for translation studies. Its key notions are text and genre, and its key areas of investigation are the analysis and description of different genres, text structure and composition, text grammar and text semantics. CDA is interested in how discourse constructs and reflects sociopolitical issues, how discourse reproduces social relations and the performance and negotiation of power, and how ideologies are encoded in discourse. Topics range from gendered discourse and heteronormatively, stereotyping, othering or racist discourse towards the discursive incriptions of socioeconomic conditions, e.g. in view of globalization, poverty or economic crisis. CDA, in turn, has emphasized the role of cognition in theorizing the relation between discourse and context, and the role of metaphor in discourse, especially concerning the potential of pervasive metap...
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Chapter 10 :The Nature of Language, Translation and Interpreting

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 Definitions Linguistics is the academic discipline that focuses on languages, and since translation can be seen, in Catford's words as "An operation performed on languages", many scholars interested in translation and interpreting have looked to linguistics for theoretical input. Are there universals of translation? One of the major debates in modern Translation Studies has centred on the relationship between norms and universals in Translation Studies. For example: there is an almost general tendency - irrespective of the translator's identity, language, genre, period, and the like - to explicate in the translation information that is only implicit in the original text Explicitation is one of the phenomena referred to by Baker, who defines translation universals as "Features which typically occur in translated text rather than original utterances and which are not the result of interference from specific linguistic systems". As for translation universals, ...
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CHAPTER 7 : Cultural And Ideological Turns

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  CHAPTER 7 Cultural And Ideological Turns Culture turns is one in which the study of translation is moving towards the analysis of translation but from a cultural point of view there are 3 areas where cultural studies can influence translation.  1. Translation as Rewriting  Translation is the most obviously recognizable type of rewriting, and . . . it is possible  the most influential because it is able to project the image of an author and/or those  works beyond the boundaries of their culture of origin. (Lefevere 1992a:9)  There are three factors described by Lefevere, namely: Professionalism in the literary system, Patronage outside the dominant literary and poetic system.  There are two components in dominant poetry:  (a) Literary devices: These include the range of genres, symbols, leitmotifs and prototypical  situations and characters.  (b) The concept of the role of literature: This is the relation of literature to the socia...
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