Materi PMR PART 1

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https://youtu.be/uXdfoA2Y8zc

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Chapter 10 :The Nature of Language, Translation and Interpreting

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 Definitions Linguistics is the academic discipline that focuses on languages, and since translation can be seen, in Catford's words as "An operation performed on languages", many scholars interested in translation and interpreting have looked to linguistics for theoretical input. Are there universals of translation? One of the major debates in modern Translation Studies has centred on the relationship between norms and universals in Translation Studies. For example: there is an almost general tendency - irrespective of the translator's identity, language, genre, period, and the like - to explicate in the translation information that is only implicit in the original text Explicitation is one of the phenomena referred to by Baker, who defines translation universals as "Features which typically occur in translated text rather than original utterances and which are not the result of interference from specific linguistic systems". As for translation universals, ...
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Chapter 13 : Texts On Speech and Writing

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 This chapter differentiates between discourse analysis and critical discourse analysis, and reviews the impact and possible uses of both for translation studies. Its key notions are text and genre, and its key areas of investigation are the analysis and description of different genres, text structure and composition, text grammar and text semantics. CDA is interested in how discourse constructs and reflects sociopolitical issues, how discourse reproduces social relations and the performance and negotiation of power, and how ideologies are encoded in discourse. Topics range from gendered discourse and heteronormatively, stereotyping, othering or racist discourse towards the discursive incriptions of socioeconomic conditions, e.g. in view of globalization, poverty or economic crisis. CDA, in turn, has emphasized the role of cognition in theorizing the relation between discourse and context, and the role of metaphor in discourse, especially concerning the potential of pervasive metap...
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Chapter 8 : THE ROLE OF THE TRANSLATOR: VISIBILITY, ETHICS AND SOCIOLOGY

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 These strategies concern both the choice of text to translate and the translation method. Foreignization, on the other hand, 'entails choosing a foreign text and developing a translation method along lines which are excluded by dominant cultural values in the target language'. What does not change is that domestication and foreignization deal with 'the question of how much a translation assimilates a foreign text to the translating language and culture, and how much it rather signals the differences of that text'. García Márquez's translator Edith Grossman, in her new, American translation of the classic Don Quixote, also declares that 'the essential challenge of translation [is] hearing, in the most profound way I can, the text in Spanish and discovering the voice to say the text again in English'. For Levine, adopting a feminist and poststructuralist view of the translator's work, the language of translation also plays an ideological role: A translati...
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