Materi PMR PART 1

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https://youtu.be/uXdfoA2Y8zc

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Chapter 13 : Texts On Speech and Writing

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 This chapter differentiates between discourse analysis and critical discourse analysis, and reviews the impact and possible uses of both for translation studies. Its key notions are text and genre, and its key areas of investigation are the analysis and description of different genres, text structure and composition, text grammar and text semantics. CDA is interested in how discourse constructs and reflects sociopolitical issues, how discourse reproduces social relations and the performance and negotiation of power, and how ideologies are encoded in discourse. Topics range from gendered discourse and heteronormatively, stereotyping, othering or racist discourse towards the discursive incriptions of socioeconomic conditions, e.g. in view of globalization, poverty or economic crisis. CDA, in turn, has emphasized the role of cognition in theorizing the relation between discourse and context, and the role of metaphor in discourse, especially concerning the potential of pervasive metap...
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Chapter 9: New directions from the new media

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Blum-Kulka and Levenston suggest that lexical simplification is typical of translations, and Vinay and Darbelnet make many generalizations about the translation process, including the assertion that the TT is normally longer than the ST. It is with the advent of large computerized databases and readilyavailable tools that these hypotheses could actually be tested on large amounts of text. Audiovisual Translation Even more dramatic developments in translation studies have occurred in the field of audiovisual translation, most notably subtitling. Though Katharina Reiss had included what she had termed an „audio-medial‟ text type, she had scarcely developed it, and indeed her definition seemed to refer more to fields such as advertising rather than film and documentary translation. His findings are rather restricted and perhaps typical of the time in which he conducted the research: his first finding is that „it is feasible to study audiovisual translation within the scope of translation ...
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Chapter 11 : Meaning Making

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The interpreter carries out a transfer practice which is a crucial part of the communication and upon which the meaning shared between speaker and audience ultimately depends. Strictly speaking the interpreter is not a listener but a 2 co-speaker who must appropriate the oral message in its entirety, picking up on all the aspects of the speaker's message, comprehending the content of the discourse and the meaning behind the act of speech, and also remaining receptive to any indications which may be spontaneously produced. The interpretation process: From speaker to interpreter, or active comprehension During the act of interpreting, these pre-existing circumstances offer resources which the interpreter calls upon and applies to the utterance in context, combining his/her comprehension of the discourse with his/her assessment of the relevance of the codified or spontaneous non-verbal components which appear alongside it. As Chernov has it, the interpreter's anticipation is base...
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